动物生理学实验教学单独设课之重要性

在高校的动物生理学教学中,实验教学是其中的一个重要组成部分。作为课堂教学的重要辅助和补充,动物生理实验教学效果对课堂教学具有极大的驱动作用。为突出动物生理实验教学的重要性,对动物生理学实验施行单独设课,这是考查理论教学效果、促进实验课教学质量的一种重要措施。     

诺贝尔奖在高中生物教学中的应用研究

在总结了高中生物教材中所涉及的诺贝尔生理或医学奖、诺贝尔化学奖内容的基础上,举例探讨了诺贝尔奖知识在高中生物教学中的运用、教学意义以及教师应注意的事项,以期为新课标改革下的生物教学提供参考.     

High or Low Body Fat Deposition in the Presence of a Normal Oral Sugar Test is Not Associated With Postthaw Semen Parameters in Stallions

This study compared the postthaw semen parameters of stallions with high and low body condition score (BCS) and evaluated associations between body morphometric parameters and postthaw semen parameters. Twenty stallions were split into Low BCS (BCS<7, n = 11) and High BCS (BCS ≥7, n = 9) groups, and underwent a complete morphometric analysis (e.g., neck scores and circumference, crest neck height, body weight, and height), and subcutaneous body fat thickness (SFT) at the tail head, withers, shoulders, and retroperitoneal space. A fasted oral sugar test (OST) was conducted on all stallions. One ejaculate from each stallion was frozen with a commercial egg yolk-based extender. Postthaw sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, hydrogen peroxide and intracellular superoxide production, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed for all stallions. The circumference at 25% and 50% of the neck’s length were larger for High-BCS stallions (P < .05). There were no differences between groups for the neck crest height (P > .05). Stallions with High BCS had greater SFT at the tail head than stallions with Low BCS (P < .05); however, there were no differences between groups in the SFT at the shoulders and withers (P > .05). All stallions had resting blood glucose below the cutoff for equine metabolic syndrome. There were no differences between groups for resting glucose concentrations or for a peak at 30 or 60 minutes after initiation of the OST (P > .05). There were no differences in sperm parameters between groups (P > .05). Collectively, the findings of the present study suggest that High BCS or Low BCS in the presence of normal OST do not explain post-thaw semen parameters.     

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

Biochar Mitigates Salinity Stress in Potato

A pot experiment was conducted in a climate‐controlled greenhouse to investigate the growth, physiology and yield of potato in response to salinity stress under biochar amendment. It was hypothesized that addition of biochar may improve plant growth and yield by mitigating the negative effect of salinity through its high sorption ability. From tuber bulking to harvesting, the plants were exposed to three saline irrigations, that is 0, 25 and 50 mm NaCl solutions, respectively, and two levels of biochar (0 % and 5 % W/W) treatments. An adsorption study was also conducted to study the Na⁺ adsorption capability of biochar. Results indicated that biochar was capable to ameliorate salinity stress by adsorbing Na⁺. Increasing salinity level resulted in significant reductions of shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, photosynthetic rate (A_n), stomatal conductance (g_s), midday leaf water potential, but increased abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in both leaf and xylem sap. At each salinity level, incorporation of biochar increased shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, A_n, g_s, midday leaf water potential, and decreased ABA concentration in the leaf and xylem sap as compared with the respective non‐biochar control. Decreased Na⁺, Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and increased K⁺ content in xylem with biochar amendment also indicated its ameliorative effects on potato plants in response to salinity stress. The results suggested that incorporation of biochar might be a promising approach for enhancing crop productivity in salt‐affected soils.     

不同运输方式对生菜采后生理的影响

为研究运输方式对生菜采后生理及保鲜效果的影响,以‘橡生2号’生菜为研究对象,选择3种常见的运输方式:保温箱包装常温运输(A)、保温箱加制冷剂包装在常温下运输(B)、PE包装袋加纸箱包装在0℃下运输(C)进行试验。结果表明,采用C方式在0℃冷藏条件下运输的生菜,其失重率和呼吸强度均低于另外2组,VC含量和感官评价高于另外2组。因此在运输时间在12 h内可以采用A方式运输,在24 h内可以采用B方式运输,如超过24 h则最好使用C方式运输来保证生菜的货架期及品质。     

超级稻“三定”栽培法研究 Ⅱ.不同施肥量对超级杂交稻产量及生长生理特性的影响

2004—2005年在长沙（28°13′N）采用低肥（N 135kg/hm2、P 29.7kg/hm2、K 112.1kg/hm2）、中肥（N 180kg/hm2、P 39.6kg/hm2、K 149.4kg/hm2）、高肥（N 225kg/hm2、P 49.5kg/hm2、K 186.8kg/hm2）3种施肥水平，对超级杂交稻两优293和准两优527的产量及生长生理特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：在试验范围内不同施肥量处理间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异不显著，2年平均产量以中肥处理最高，其中准两优527为9.03t/hm2，两优293为7.28t/hm2；不同年际间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异显著；超级杂交稻准两优527和两优293的适宜氮肥用量为150~180kg/hm2。与准两优527比较，两优293茎秆粗壮，根系发达、根系活力强、分蘖力强、但分蘖成穗率不高，而准两优527前中期生长平稳，分蘖成穗率高，抽穗后光合产物积累多和运转率高，有利于高产形成，但不抗倒伏，生产上应适量减少氮肥施用量。     

应用半矮生基因sd－1选育矮秆大库容量水稻新品系研究

用大穗高秆品种Ａｋｅｎｏｈｏｓｈｉ与半矮生粳型系统ＳＣ－ＴＮ１杂交后代Ｆ５的６个品系及其亲本为材料，比较分析了品系与亲本遗传性状的表现及其联系。结果表明，通过改善ｓｄ－１基因的遗传背景，使半矮生性及优良株型的特性与大库容量相结合是可能的，能够从中培育出有更高产量潜力的新品系     

水稻细菌性条斑病及其抗性研究进展

本文简要综述了近年来国内外对水稻抗细菌性条斑病在病原菌鉴定、水稻抗源筛选、抗性生理遗传以及抗性的分子生物学等方面的研究进展，以期为水稻细条病的深入研究提供参考。